An Instrument For The Discovery Of Truth - 1301 Words

On the contrary, Southern claims individualism stemmed from the development of knowledge and logic in the Middle Ages. He discusses how well-rounded knowledge directed a change in the structure of society. Knowledge is something present in all societies, but it is important to note that religious communities encouraged knowledge in expressing individualism, which was not present in the Catholic Church previously. The development of individualism in the secular society is crucial, because it meant the people and the Church could come together through a common appreciation of individualism. Furthermore, Southern argues that logic was â€Å"an instrument for the discovery of truth† and a form of universal order. Of course, logic had already†¦show more content†¦He proclaims that Shakespeare is the exception and then, he faults the Spaniards and the Church for not being able to produce an Italian Shakespeare. Burckhardt continues to praise the Renaissance man, bu t he still does not answer the question as to why Italy is not in the forefront of modernity. The Italians may have been active during the Renaissance, but then their influence quickly died out. If the influence of the Italian Renaissance perished that rapidly, then the Italian Renaissance cannot be considered the beginning of the modern world. On the other hand, the Middle Ages brings about an individual who was an influence to the Church in the centuries to come. Gerbert was the model for over a century in respect to teaching logic and he was crucial in the art of rhetoric. The art of rhetoric was a key development in the Middle Ages, because it gave the government a particular voice. The government writes the law, which is rational and not based on emotion, and the law is what gives people freedom. When people have a greater amount of freedom, they are able to express individuality. Even though the serfs and freemen were restricted by the law in similar in levels, the freemen were affected in a rational way. The freemen were not bound to serving a person, while the serfs and so, the freemen were allowed to make distinctive choices. Gerbert’s influence in different realms of life proves that

Harsimran Singh. Dr. Sinclair. English 1102. Essay 3. 18

Harsimran Singh Dr. Sinclair English 1102 Essay 3 18 April 2017 Mind Games In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, Edgar Allan Poe creates a diabolical psychopath who is fueled by the idea of vengeance. Poe analyzes the complexities of Montresor s behavior and probes into the inner workings of his dark, twisted mind. Akin to a game of chess, Montresor strategically executes his devious plan to extract revenge from Fortunato. The pieces at Montresor s disposal to successfully achieve revenge are his enormous pride and keen intelligence to psychologically manipulate Fortunato. The first piece of the chessboard is Montresor s pride. Even though Montresor is deeply engulfed by the thought of taking revenge from Fortunato, there is no clear motive†¦show more content†¦This stark contrast in their attire reveals who is control of the game. Fortunato can be seen as being easily manipulated, in which he later falls into Montresor’s trap. In addition, Montresor secretly plans Fortunato’s demise during the carnival setting. One would not expect a horrendous murder to planned at a joyous festival. Montresor uses his disguise so that no one would notice that he was with Fortunato at that night. Finally, the pieces of the chessboard fit together. With catalysts such Montresor s pride as his motivation for revenge and his shrewd scheme to corner Fortunato, he enacts his final tactic into play. The finishing blow that Montresor uses is his knowledge of reverse psychology. He psychologically manipulates Fortunato by persuading him to do the opposite of what he would normally do. There are two occasions in the narrative where Montresor uses reverse psychology. The first occurrence is his encounter with Fortunato. Montresor is well aware of the fact that Fortunato loves wine. Wine is his greatest passion. In this case, however, it will be his undoing, since Fortunato is already inebriated. His senses, then, are not as sharp than they might be under regular circumstances. In this brief meeting, Montresor attacks Fortunato’s greatest pride, which is his love for wine. Ultimately, Fortunato’s pride and arrogance leads him to his downfall. Montresor lies to

Jeffersonian Republicans vs. Federalists Free Essays

In regards to the United States constitution, Jeffersonian Republicans have been known as strict constructionists who had a narrow interpretation of the constitution following it to an extreme power. This was in opposition to the Federalists who had often followed a loose construction policy. And to a certain extent, the characterization of both of these parties was for the most part accurate during the presidencies of both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. We will write a custom essay sample on Jeffersonian Republicans vs. Federalists or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though these parties stay pretty true to popular beliefs, with Jeffersonian Republicans being strict and Federalists being loose, at time this was proven to be in fact false. Thomas Jefferson and the Jeffersonian Republicans had become widely known as a strict constructionists even prior to the election of Jefferson. This is shown in a letter that Jefferson wrote to his colleague, and future cabinet member Gideon Granger which shows his true support for power to the states (Doc A. ) The letter states his strong feelings against the power that the federal government held because he was fearful that if the federal government gained too much power and the states had too little power, then we would almost be creating a monarchy in the United States like Great Britain had done. Another prime example of his ideas of stronger state governments were stated in his letter to Samuel Miller in 1808 (Doc B. ) Jefferson firmly believed that he had no business in involving himself with religious activities as president as the Constitution had made no mention of such activities and therefore followed his strict construction principle by delegating those powers to the states. However, though Jefferson was a man who was mostly stuck to his principles of strict construction, there were often times were he would abandon his beliefs for what he believed was better for the nation. A prime example of such was during the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson had to make the final call on whether or not to take this giant mass of land and double the size of the United States, though he faced one major problem. Nowhere in the constitution did it state that Jefferson could solely purchase land for the country without consent, which forced him loosely interpret the constitution and use the â€Å"elastic clause† because this was believed to be necessary and proper for the nation. During Madison’s presidency, he also was able to stick to his principles of Jeffersonian Republicanism to a certain extent. In 1817, James Madison had addressed Congress following his vetoing of an Internal Improvements Bill due to his views of strict construction (Doc H. ) He believed that though this bill would in some respects help the country, the president was not given direct consent by the constitution to create roads and canals and control commerce. His belief in strict construction had forced him to make the ultimate decision of vetoing the bill. Henceforth, though Jefferson and Madison did mostly follow closely to the beliefs that Jeffersonian Republican party were founded on, they did not fully carry them out with some actions not corresponding to the initial ideals. The Jeffersonian Republican party was not the only party that had to wiggle their way around their initial ideas as the Federalist party was also partially facing difficulties at times. In 1814, when Congress was discussing a conscription bill that would enforce a draft of all men into the army, Daniel Webster (federalist) had violated his loose construction policy in an effort to fight this bill (Doc D. ) Webster had argued that nowhere in the constitution was it stated that a draft could be created and if such a law was passed, Congress would also have the power to create a dictator as well. Though he did believe in the idea that all Americans followed that went against a dictatorship, he abandoned his federalist ideas of loose construction in order to avoid a draft, even though it may have been â€Å"necessary and proper†. Federalists were also having troubles in their party when they publically made their troubles clear during the Hartford Convention in 1815 (Doc E. ) Federalists had almost clearly trashed their party ideas and sided with the Jeffersonian Republicans when in many of their remarks they had called for a weak central government. For example, when the Embargo Act was destroying the American economy, the Federalists wanted to take away power from Congress by creating an amendment which would take away all embargos and any trade with any foreign country without a two-thirds majority of both houses. Usually they would be against this as they believed in a strong central government, but they completely contradicted themselves at the Hartford Convention making no progress and eventually the downfall of the Federalist party. Therefore, the Federalists had an extremely hard time staying true to their own ideals. The Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans had developed a polar opposite view of the constitution and government. One had devoted their views to strong state government and the other to strong central government. Jeffersonian Republicans (led by Jefferson and Madison), though wanting to stick to their ideas, faced much adversity when wanting to remain strict constructionists. Yet fortunately for them they proved the characterization of their party to be for the most part accurate. The Federalists did face much more problems as they would often contradict themselves and abandon their policies of loose constructions as shown during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. It is almost impossible to follow a party’s principles to an extreme extent, as seen by both parties, so it is necessary for both to adjust to find a balance that would ultimately benefit the people of the nation. How to cite Jeffersonian Republicans vs. Federalists, Papers

Luther Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Luther Argumentative Essay A thousand years is a long time. So how do you pick the most influential person of the last thousand years? Its practically impossible to do. But almost everyone will agree that one of the most influential characters in the millennium was Martin Luther, father of the protestant church. Luther was born November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Thuringia (a province noted for its many musical talents, including Johann Sebastian Bach). Luther was brought up in the strict religious atmosphere of the roman catholic church. After attending the Latin Schools at Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach, he entered the university at Erfurt in 1501. From this institution he received a bachelors degree in 1502 and a masters degree in 1505. During his student years, Luther was terrified by thoughts of the wrath of G-D. He continually sought a means of finding inward peace. To achieve this goal, he entered an Augustinian Monastery on July 17, 1505 to become a monk. Two years later, he was ordained a priest. In 150 8 Luther was appointed professor of philosophy at Wittenburg university, and he also studies there to get the doctor of theology degree in 1512. In 1515 Luther was appointed Augustinian Vical for Meissen and Thuringia. During the period of his appointment as vicar, Luther underwent a modification in his views and beliefs. He was still devoted to the church, but in his continued quest for inner peace, he turned from religious philosophy to the bible for the basis of his belief. These conclusions ultimately led Luther to combat some practices of the church. We will write a custom essay on Luther Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Luther verus the church. A classic case of David and Goliath. There were many reasons Luther went against the church. But the sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel in 1517 at a church near Wittenberg enticed Luther into action in the first place. Tetzel preached that buying indulgences would grant you a better place in heaven. On October 31, 1517, at the age of 33, Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses (1)to the castle church door at Wittenberg. This was not intended as a decisive attack on the church, and he did not want this to be circulated. However, the new spread quickly through Germany withing the next two weeks. Later in 1518 Luther boldly denied the absolute power of the church. On March 3rd , 1519, Luther wrote a letter to Pope Leo X. In the letter he stated that it was not his intention to undermine the authority of the pope or the church. He did not want a war. On June 27th Luther had a debate with Johann Eck in Leipzig. At the heart of the debate is the issue of indulgences and the authority of the pope and the Roman Church. This debate ended on July 14, and Luther was convinced Eck won. As a result of the debate, the impact of the Luther-Rome dispute began to grow. Luther and his ideas become unignorable. Luther became more popular. On June 11th, 1520, one hundred knights who were in favor of Luther offered him protection. He accepted the offer, fearing assassination. But along with people starting to favor him, people started to hate him. On November 12th, Luthers books were burned in Wittenburg. Burning of his books in others cities follow shortly thereafter. On November 20th, Luther writes Freedom of the Christian Man, and publishes it along with an open letter to Pope Leo X. In the letter Luther apologizes to the pope personally, but continued to denounce what he sees as false doctrine and corruption. On December 10th, Luther burnt Exsurge Domine and other documents of the pope. He also burnt books of church law and books written by his enemies. On March 6, 1521, the Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to appear the diet of Worms. Luther traveled to the city of Worms of April 6th, and stopped along the way to preach in Erfurt, Gotha, and Frankfurt. On April 15th Luther entered Worms in triumphal precession. A crowd had gathered to cheer him. On April 17th the first hearing of the Diet of Worms began. An official pointed to a table of books and asked if Luther was willing to take back the things he said. Luther asked for a recess. The next day Luther made a statement, Unless I am convinced by scripture and plain reasonI do not accept the authority of popes and c ouncils, for they have contradicted each othermy conscience is captive to the word of G-D. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. G-D help me! The emperor sided with Rome and wanted Luther condemned immediately. But some members of the Diet wanted to give Luther a few more days to recant. On April 25th the Diet of Worms was dismissed. Luther left Worms as quickly as possible. On May 10th Luther arrived at the Wartburg castle, near Eisenach. He hid there for nearly ten months, from may 5th to February 29th 1522. During that time, Luther grew his hair and a beard and called himself Junker Jorg (knight George). During that time, on May 26th, the edict of Worms was signed by the Emperor and issued. It formally condemned Luthers teaching, and placed him under the ban of the empire. In February in the year 1522, then ban on Luther and his followers was lifted. The next few months he went around preaching his beliefs. Then on Septem ber 21st a major eventLuther published the New Testament in German. This gave him many more followers because people started reading the New Testament, and they realized a lot of what Luther preached is true. This also increased literacy greatly. The church did not like this. They order Luther and his followers to stop printing it. But by this time Luther is so powerful the church can not do anything to him. Luther stopped wearing a religious habit (2), showing disobedience to the church. In 1524 the peasants in southwest Germany rose up under Luthers example. They were ready to over throw the authorities if necessary. But on May 13th, 1525, at the battle of Frankenhausen, 50,000 peasants are killed. 1000 castles and monasteries are destroyed. On May 15th Protestant ministers are hanged by catholic princes. The peasants believed they were betrayed by Luther. So the question standswhat affect does Luther have on todays life? Now for me, since im Jewish, the effect is not much. But fo r the protestant citizens of America and the world, he is there father. He is to them almost what Moses or Abraham is to me. Now since religion is such a major part of life, the person who founded your specific religion is pretty influential on your life. Luther was also very influential on music, which also carries over to todays church. .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .postImageUrl , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:hover , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:visited , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:active { border:0!important; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:active , .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3 .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8295965aa999b9a7f8cd8156aad280b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Greenhouse Effect Essay SummaryBibliography: